In high school biology, we learn that humans are born with either XX or XY chromosomes, and that a person’s internal and external sex organs match those chromosomes. It turns out, however, that sex isn’t that straightforward.

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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479330/
http://www.isna.org/faq/what_is_intersex
https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/07/25/i-want-be-nature-made-me/medically-unnecessary-surgeries-intersex-children-us
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-spectrum-of-sex-development-eric-vilain-and-the-intersex-controversy/
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY#conditions
https://www.who.int/genomics/gender/en/index1.html
https://www.wired.com/story/trumps-plan-to-redefine-gender-makes-no-scientific-sense/
https://www.nature.com/news/sex-redefined-1.16943

How Common is Intersex? An Explanation of the Stats.

http://www.isna.org/faq/ten_myths/rare
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03392.x
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16324-disorders-of-sex-differentiation
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1521690X07001054
https://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/dsd.htm
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/sa-visual/visualizing-sex-as-a-spectrum/
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2018/11/16/evolution-human-body-skeleton-sex-gender/#.XVYRf5NKjBI
https://massivesci.com/articles/sex-gender-intersex-transgender-identity-discrimination-title-ix/
https://childrensnational.org/visit/conditions-and-treatments/diabetes-hormonal-disorders/differences-in-sex-development
https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/thrive-program/differences-of-sex-development
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/102/10/3465?sso-checked=true
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/science/a-pregnancy-souvenir-cells-that-are-not-your-own.html
https://www.nadf.us/adrenal-diseases/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-cah/
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/disorders-sex-development/
http://aisdsd.org/resources/youth/youth-faqs/

Differences of Sexual Development (DSD) Clinic

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682373/
https://www.seattlechildrens.org/clinics/differences-sex-development/
https://www.fairview.org/patient-education/40119
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355205
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29606626
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23045263

Image Sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:45,X.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PBB_Protein_SRY_image.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pseudoautosomal_region.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Androgen_receptor_3-d_model.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NHGRI_human_male_karyotype.png
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