In high school biology, we learn that humans are born with either XX or XY chromosomes, and that a person’s internal and external sex organs match those chromosomes. It turns out, however, that sex isn’t that straightforward.
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479330/
http://www.isna.org/faq/what_is_intersex
https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/07/25/i-want-be-nature-made-me/medically-unnecessary-surgeries-intersex-children-us
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-spectrum-of-sex-development-eric-vilain-and-the-intersex-controversy/
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY#conditions
https://www.who.int/genomics/gender/en/index1.html
https://www.wired.com/story/trumps-plan-to-redefine-gender-makes-no-scientific-sense/
https://www.nature.com/news/sex-redefined-1.16943